Class � MIT MAS741 Context aware

Greg Detre

Wednesday, October 30, 2002

Present

Ted (first half), Andrea, Lorin

 

status of AI, frames etc. � what supports context?

frames look a lot like a DB � brittle

the statistical ones can�t explain themselves

today � multiple representations

 

Kirsh, �The context of work�

entry points, activity landscape and coordinating mechanisms

focus on an office, not a meeting room or whatever

Ted�s office � the point of it is to have as many possible contexts that he can share with other people (microscope, light table, inventions)

he built: �Room with a view�

wall, low-res projection of an office

showing shelves, photo gallery, desks

so the question that Kirsh is addressing is what should that Room with a view include?

and how can you make sure that you�ve captured what you need to to recapture the user�s context?

Ted is making choices for the user � what if you want to add post-its to a book, or something???

you have to be clear about what you mean/want by an office

a laptop lets you take information from one place to the other, but you lose all the context

unix � allows you to set up different environments � web server stuff vs email stuff vs �

they are contexts of work

an application being open is supposed to be a context

many of the best programmers he�s met don�t use tools (just emacs and a trace for debugging), because they�re used to having to move environments so often and losing the tools

operationalising the concept of work?

do we need an analytical definition of how/what it means to work?

Goms???

�neats vs scruffies� is maybe too broad a categorisation

their goal is not to put things into stacks, but to be able to retrieve things automatically

so let�s ignore that distinction

why do we want to operationalise the concept of work?

it has to be general, but also idiosyncratic

you need to come up with the right parameters

that�s ok so long as you don�t leave anything out

I really like his discussion of operationalisation of work with the intention of keeping it psychologically accessible and capturing the feel of the office

but what if it�s inherently physical, and just unrealisable

how could you digitalise the way neats + scruffies work?

it has a lot to do with visibility/intrusiveness

learning dimensions (Kagan) of children being more visually/auditorially attentive

visual is more gestalt, whereas auditory is more sequential

 

how do you make the space flexible, so that two people can share the same office by night/day?

I like the idea of entry points and coordinative mechanisms

how do you get back to what you�re doing when you�re interrupted?

you look at the papers on your desk etc.

I�m still not sure what activity landscapes are

 

I�m starting to feel that the best we can manage (with regard to the portable office/microvenue) in the medium-term is a laptop and a sheaf of papers

sometimes we like to take just a laptop and the tools for the task to self-constrain to the task

part of the problem with a laptop is that it allows you to do so many things with it

what else could a laptop do?

it could be more context aware � e.g. you�re in a lecture

its big limitation for me at the moment is its physical environment

multiple screens

scribblable (e.g. on PDFs)

IBM scribblable laptop, MS Scribble (live docs)

 

Agre, �Changing places�

most buildings are built with a particular institution in mind

cellphone messes that up, because it allows you to be a lot of different things everwhere

(with pervasive computing etc.) the role that you play becomes less a function of the place you�re in

 

capture model

analyse an activity, articulate it in a grammar, impose upon a person in order to allow them to interact with a computer (to capture the activity in a computer)

the goal (of context aware computing) is to minimise that imposition on the user

it�s ok to influence the users� behaviour for a high-integrity reason (to help them with their task, rather than for my purposes/ease)

 

Agre breakfast example

wanted to have a technology to make breakfast for him � all the different things that it would have to know

Shankian scripts � slice the banana with the knife � what if there�s no knife? people would use a spoon to cut the banana

 

context aware computing is going to have an even harder task in future, because you won�t just be able to guess at context according to location

 

3 levels:

architecture

actual place/building

practices

routines

institutions

relationships between humans (persistent structure)

difference between practice + institutions � institutions include social roles

 

could you use statistical methods (e.g. a Markov model) on the vocabulary/formality of speech at given times as an indication of your context???

like you talk formally with your boss, about your wife with your friends, about the weather in an elevator

Sandy Pentland � tried to video + speech annotate his life

system tries to predict where he�s likely to go next

searchable audio

social network analysis based on audio � who you�re talking to

 

radiology is good for speech recognition because it�s so structured

interestingly: the doctor sounds like the patient when giving a history, as opposed to the grammatical formalisms when dictating the diagnosis

Questions

what does he think of hot-desking???

CHI � computer human interaction

 

Class � 021022

Reading � Kirsh

unfortunately, I think Kirsh underestimates how important little superficial psychological permanences and habits are to being productive

is there any evidence to show that hot-desking is unexpectedly unproductive/disruptive???

somehow, I was hoping for something a little more concrete from Kirsh about the sort of representations we might employ for the digital office � if anything, all his paper serves to do is to show why the digital office cannot be synchronised with the physical office � the notion of a �portable office� is misleading, if it implies that you can just create a simulacrum of the physical office � it�s only right if it means that your one and only office is portable

 

Reading � Agre

I don�t really know what to say about this � what major points does it actually argue???

it discusses the �capture� model of how you deal with all this complexity as a designer by forcing people to bend to the machine�s limitations.

 

Reading � Minsky, frames

like all of these monolithic man-made mental structures, how do they adapt themselves??? can the thing build its own frames??? how would you teach it the rules of a new game, let alone dropping it in a VR simulation and expecting it to act intelligently or something else really world-upturning�???